Author: multiple authors

Burials within settlements have a long tradition in the ancient Near East. In the aceramic Neolithic, burials inside houses were common, as Nevali Çori (10th/9th millenium BCE), Çatalhöyük (mostly 7th millenium BCE), and other settlements from eastern Anatolia and the Levant demonstrate. During the Neolithic, first cemeteries outside settlements were forming.

The settlement history and urban development of Pergamon are characterized by several phases of expansion, but also decline of the city, which repeatedly changed its character over time. After a history of about 250 years as a fortified Hellenistic residential city, Pergamon did not fundamentally change its face until the Roman Imperial period. In the course of the 1st century, Pergamon increasingly expanded beyond the city fortifications on the alluvial fan of the Selinus river

Pergamon antik kentinin yerleşim tarihi ve kentsel gelişimi, farklı büyüme evreleri ile karakterize edilse de; içinden geçtiği gerileme dönemleri de zaman içinde kentin karakterini defalarca değiştirmiştir. Müstahkem bir Helenistik kenti olarak geçirdiği yaklaşık 250 yıllık bir geçmişin ardından Pergamon, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’ne kadar çehresini temel anlamda degiştirmemiştir.  M.S I. yüzyıl boyunca Pergamon, kent surlarının ötesine doğru Hellenistik yerleşim ile kent tepesinin eteklerindeki Selinus Nehri’nin alüvyon birikintisi üzerinde giderek genişlemiştir

Die Siedlungsgeschichte und städtebauliche Entwicklung Pergamons sind durch mehrere Phasen der Ausdehnung, aber auch der Schrumpfung der Stadt gekennzeichnet, die im Laufe der Zeit ihren Charakter wiederholt verändert hat. Nach einer etwa 250-jährigen Geschichte als befestigte hellenistische Residenzstadt veränderte Pergamon erst in der römischen Kaiserzeit grundsätzlich sein Antlitz. Im Verlauf des 1. Jh. n. Chr. dehnte sich die Stadt über den alten Befestigungsring hinaus auf dem Schwemmfächer des Selinus aus

When you walk through the ruins of the ancient city of Pergamon today or look at the 3D reconstruction of the ancient city hill, you inevitably ask yourself where the many building stones for the countless streets, houses and monumental buildings came from. Where the stones were quarried and by what routes were they transported to the city and up the steep city hill? Similar questions are also being asked in our current TransPergMicro project. In interdisciplinary groups we investigate the building economy between the Hellenistic and Roman Imperial periods.

In antiquity, people’s relationship with nature was strongly influenced by religion. Natural phenomena such as thunder and lightning, but also the dawn or the ripening of crops were associated with the intervention of divine powers. People turned to them for blessings or protection from harm by the forces of nature, which were perceived as omnipotent.

In der Antike war das Verhältnis der Menschen zur Natur stark von der Religion geprägt. Naturphänomene wie Blitz und Donner, aber auch die Morgenröte oder das Reifen der Feldfrüchte wurden mit dem Wirken göttlicher Mächte in Verbindung gebracht. An sie wandte man sich mit der Bitte um Segen oder den Schutz vor Unheil durch die als allmächtig empfundenen Naturkräfte.

Antik çağda insanın doğayla olan ilişkisi, çok güçlü bir şekilde din üzerinden şekillenmekteydi. Gök gürültüsü ve şimşek gibi doğa olaylarının yanı sıra şafak vakti ya da ekinlerin olgunlaşması da ilahi güçlerle ilişkilendirilirdi. İnsanlar, her şeye kadir olarak algılanan bu güçlere doğanın gazabından korunmak ya da onun bereketini dilemek için dua ederlerdi.